AH1-706 meets the criteria for acceleration at Decision Point II (DP2) .

This Phase II System Impact Study (SIS) Report has been prepared in accordance with the PJM Open Access Transmission Tariff, Part VII, Subpart D, section 310 for New Service Requests (projects) in Transition Cycle 2 (TC2). The Project Developer/Eligible Customer (developer) is Clean Energy Future - Lordstown, LLC, and the Transmission Provider (TP) is PJM Interconnection, LLC (PJM). The interconnected Transmission Owner (TO) is American Transmission Systems, Incorporated.

The Phase II System Impact Study is conducted on an aggregate basis within a New Services Request’s Cycle, and results are provided in both (i) a single Cycle summary format and (ii) an individual project-level basis. The Phase II System Impact Study Results (for both the summary and individual reports) will be publicly available on PJM’s website. Project Developers must obtain the results from the website.

In accordance with PJM Manual 14H, section 4.5, PJM takes the following actions during the Phase II System Impact Study:

1. PJM will retool load flow results from the Phase I System Impact Study (summer peak, winter peak and light load) based on decisions made by Project Developers or Eligible Customers during Decision Point I.
2. PJM will conduct any required voltage analyses.
3. PJM will perform short circuit and stability analyses as required.
4. PJM will coordinate with the Affected System to confirm which projects in the PJM Cycle will require Affected System studies. If the Affected System Operator indicates that an Affected System study is required, PJM will:
1. Notify the Project Developer or Eligible Customer of the need for an Affected System study and the requirement to execute an Affected System study agreement with the impacted Affected System Operator, and;
2. Include the results of the Affected System Operator’s Affected System Study in the Phase II System Impact Study results, if applicable and available.
5. The Phase II System Impact Study Results will be publicly available on PJM’s website. Project Developers and Eligible Customers must obtain the results from the website.

The Transmission Owner takes the following actions during the Phase II System Impact Study:

1. Verify Interconnection Facilities and Network Upgrades required to accommodate the New Service Request.
2. Perform a Facilities Study. The Facilities Study in Phase II System Impact Study phase will be for the physical Interconnection Facilities. The Facilities Study requirements are outlined in Attachment C of this manual. The study will be conducted pursuant to Tariff, Part VII, Subpart D, section 307(A)(7) and Tariff, Part VIII, Subpart C, section 404(A)(7).

This New Service Request meets the criteria for acceleration at Decision Point II (DP2).

Please note that additional requirements apply to accelerated projects at DP2 per PJM Tariff Part VII, Subpart D, section 311. Failure to meet the requirements by the close of DP2 will result in withdrawal.

This New Service Request does not meet the Adverse Study Impact Criteria and has the option to either move forward in the Cycle process or withdraw at DP2 with Readiness Deposit #1 forfeited. See adverse study impact calculation below.

This section details whether a Project Developer or Eligible Customer qualifies for the Adverse Study Impact clause outlined in the PJM OATT, Part VII, Subpart D, section 311.B and Manual 14H, section 6.2.2. In order to qualify for an Adverse Study Impact at Decision Point II, the Network Upgrade cost from Phase I to Phase II must:

1. Increase overall by 25% or more
2. Increases by more than $10,000 per MW (Includes Costs identified in Affected System studies)

If a New Service Request meets the criteria above and chooses to withdraw the request, PJM will refund the cumulative Readiness Deposit amounts paid at the Application Phase and at Decision Point I (RD1 and RD2, respectively).

The below calculations show the computation of this New Service Request's Adverse Study Impact

The Project Developer has proposed an uprate to a planned/existing Natural Gas facility located in the American Transmission Systems, Incorporated zone — Trumbull County, Ohio. This project is an increase to the developer’s AB1-017/AF2-044 project(s), which will share the same Point of Interconnection. The AH1-706 project is a 30.453 MW uprate (23.823 MW Capacity uprate) to the previous project(s). The total installed facilities will have a capability of 970.453 MW with 107.82 MW of this output being recognized by PJM as Capacity.

Physical Interconnection Facility Study

The transmission owner has completed the Physical Interconnection Facilities Study. This report is available for download.

AH1-706 will interconnect on the American Transmission Systems, Incorporated transmission system at the Lordstown 345 kV substation as an uprate to Z2-028/AB1-017/AF2-044.

The table below shows a summary of the total cost estimates for this New Service Request project. In Phase II SIS, the interconnected Transmission Owner has performed a facilities study for both the Transmission Owner Interconnection Facilities (TOIF) and Physical Interconnection Network Upgrades. The System Reliability Network Upgrade shown in the table are planning level cost estimates which are subject to change as a result of a facility study performed by the TO during Phase III System Impact Study.

Based on the Phase II SIS results, the AH1-706 project has the following allocation of costs for interconnection.

Definitions

Transmission Owner Interconnection Facilities: Facilities that are owned, controlled, operated and maintained by the Transmission Owner on the Transmission Owner’s side of the Point of Change of Ownership to the Point of Interconnection, including any modifications, additions or upgrades made to such facilities and equipment, that are necessary to physically and electrically interconnect the Generating Facility with the Transmission System or interconnected distribution facilities.

Stand Alone Network Upgrades: Network Upgrades, which are not part of an Affected System, which a Project Developer may construct without affecting day-to-day operations (e.g. taking a transmission outage) of the Transmission System during their construction.

Network Upgrades: Modifications or additions to transmission-related facilities that are integrated with and support the Transmission Provider’s overall Transmission System for the general benefit of all users of such Transmission System. Network Upgrades have no impact or potential impact on the Transmission System until the final tie-in is complete.

Notes

Note 1: PJM Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT), Part VII, Subpart D, section 307.5 outlines cost allocation rules. The rules are further clarified in PJM Manual 14H, section 4.2.6. PJM shall identify the New Service Requests in the Cycle contributing to the need for the required Network Upgrades within the Cycle. All New Service Requests that contribute to the need for a Network Upgrade will receive cost allocation for that upgrade pursuant to each New Service Request’s contribution to the reliability violation identified on the transmission system in accordance with PJM Manuals.

Note 2: There will be no inter-Cycle cost allocation for Interconnection Facilities or Network Upgrades identified in the System Impact Study costs identified in a Cycle; all such costs shall be allocated to New Service Requests in that Cycle.

Note 3: For Project Developers with System Reinforcements listed: If this project presents cost allocation to a System Reinforcement indicates $0, then please be aware that as changes to the interconnection process occur, such as other projects withdrawing, reducing in size, etc, the cost responsibilities can change and a cost allocation may be assigned to this project. In addition, although this project presents cost allocation to a System Reinforcement is presently $0, this project may need this system reinforcement completed to be deliverable to the PJM system. If this project desires to come into service prior to completion of the system reinforcement, the Project Developer will need to request PJM to perform an interim study to determine if they would be deliverable for all or a portion of their output for each delivery year until the system reinforcement is complete.

Note 4: Please see the ‘Affected Systems Studies’ section of this Phase II SIS report for details on your project’s need for an Affected Systems Study. If your project requires an Affected Systems Study, the Affected Systems impacts may not be available from the Affected System Operator at the time of the PJM Phase II SIS. Therefore, the cost in this section would not reflect any required upgrades by the Affected System until the study is completed. If your project requires an Affected Systems Study and your results are not provided for Phase II SIS, PJM anticipates providing them in the Phase III SIS per Tariff Part VII.D.312.

A summary of this New Service Requests costs are summarized in the Cost Summary section, herein. Final security will be shown in the Generation Interconnection Agreement (GIA).

The total preliminary cost estimate for the Transmission Owner scope of work (including TOIF and Physical Interconnection Network Upgrades) is given in the table below. These costs do not include CIAC Tax Gross-up.

Transmission Owner Build Option

Developer Build Option

(No Developer Build Option for this project.)

Based on the scope of work for the Interconnection Facilities, it is expected to take 10 month(s) after the signing of a Generator Interconnection Agreement (as this is a FERC connection) and construction kickoff call to complete the installation of the physical connection work. This assumes that there will be no environmental issues with any of the new properties associated with this project, that there will be no delays in acquiring the necessary permits for implementing the defined interconnection work, and that all system outages will be allowed when requested.

Note that the TO findings were made from a conceptual review of this project. A more detailed review of the connection facilities and their cost will be identified in a future study phase. Further note that the cost estimate data provided should be considered high level estimates since it was produced without a detailed engineering review. The Project Developer will be responsible for the actual cost of construction. TO herein reserves the right to return to any issues in this document and, upon appropriate justification, request additional monies to complete any reinforcements to the transmission systems.

Remote Terminal Work: During Phase II of the PJM interconnection process, TO’s System Protection Engineering Department will review transmission line protection as well as anti-islanding required to accommodate the new generation and interconnection substation. System Protection Engineering will determine the minimal acceptable protection requirements to reliably interconnect the proposed generating facility with the transmission system. The review is based on maintaining system reliability by reviewing TO’s protection requirements with the known transmission system configuration which includes generating facilities in the area. This review may determine that transmission line protection and communication upgrades are required at remote substations.

FE performed an analysis of its underlying transmission system <100 kV system. New Service Request Project AH1-706 did not contribute to any overloads on the FE transmission <100 kV system.

The developer is responsible for all design and construction related activities on the developer’s side of the Point of Change in Ownership. FirstEnergy interconnection requirements can be found here.

To the extent that these Applicable Technical Requirements and Standards may conflict with the terms and conditions of the Tariff, the Tariff shall control.

The developer will be required to install equipment necessary to provide Revenue Metering (KWH, KVARH) and real time data (KW, KVAR) for their generating Resource. See PJM Manual 01, PJM Manual 14D, and PJM Tariff Part IX, Subpart B, Appendix 2, section 8.

The Project Developer will be required to comply with all interconnected Transmission Owner’s revenue metering requirements located at the following link: PJM - Transmission Owner Engineering & Construction Standards.

Analysis Complete - No Issues

Based on PJM’s TC2 Phase II Short Circuit Analysis, this project did not contribute >1% fault duty to any previously identified overdutied breakers, nor did it cause any new overdutied breakers.

Analysis Complete - No Issues

Executive Summary

New Service Requests (projects) in PJM Transition Cycle 2, Cluster 44 are listed in Table 1 below. This report will cover the dynamic analysis of the Cluster 44 projects.

This analysis is effectively a screening study to determine whether the addition of the Cluster 44 projects will meet the dynamics requirements of the NERC, FE, and PJM reliability standards.

The load flow scenario for the analysis was based on the RTEP 2028 summer peak load case, modified to include applicable projects. Cluster 44 projects have been dispatched online at maximum power output, with approximately unity power factor at the high side of the GSUs, 1.00-1.03 pu voltage at the generator terminals, and 1.00-1.02 pu voltage at the POI buses.

Cluster 44 projects were tested for compliance with NERC, PJM, Transmission Owner and other applicable criteria. Steady-state condition and 241 contingencies were studied, each with a 20 second simulation time period (with 1.0 second initial run prior to any events). Studied faults included:

1. Steady state operation (Category P0);
2. Three phase faults with normal clearing time on the intact network (Category P1);
3. Single phase to ground faults with delayed clearing due to a stuck breaker (Category P4);
4. Single phase to ground faults with delayed clearing as a result of protection failure (Category P5);
5. Single phase to ground faults with normal clearing for common structure (Category P7).

High Speed Reclosing (HSR) facilities were found in the vicinity of TC2 Cluster 44 projects.

For all simulations, the projects under study along with the rest of the PJM system were required to maintain synchronism and with all states returning to an acceptable new condition following the disturbance.

For all of the fault contingencies tested on the 2028 peak load case:

1. Cluster 44 projects were able to ride through the faults (except for faults where protective action trips a generator(s)),
2. The system with Cluster 44 projects included is transiently stable and post-contingency oscillations were positively damped with a damping margin of at least 3% for interarea modes and 4% for local modes.
3. Following fault clearing, all bus voltages recovered to a minimum of 0.7 per unit after 2.5 seconds (except where protective action isolates that bus).
4. No transmission element tripped, other than those either directly connected or designed to trip as a consequence of that fault.

The AG2-621 voltage relay (VTGTPAT 97100306, TP = 0.3 s) tripped during several P4 stuck-breaker contingencies (P4_1B1.73–90) with 20-cycle backup clearing. A timer setting of at least 0.35 s would be required to ride through the 20-cycle backup clearing. Based on documentation for the inverter type, the relay timer pickup was adjusted to 1.2 s. No further trips were observed after this adjustment.

The existing AE2-285 overvoltage relay (VTGTPAT 24196701, TP = 0.01 s) tripped during the P1.34 contingency (7-cycle clearing of the Maysville 138/69 kV transformer) at t = 1.129 s in both the pre-project and post-project cases. The overvoltage spike is brief and settles quickly, suggesting the trip may be a numerical simulation artifact rather than a sustained overvoltage condition. Adding 8 ms to the relay timer pickup (TP = 0.018 s) was sufficient to ride through the transient and resolve the trip.

The reactive power capability of AH1-706 meets the 0.9 lagging and 0.95 leading PF requirement at the generator terminal.

Not Required

A steady state voltage analysis is evaluated on a project-by-project basis and depends on specific project parameters. For this project, a steady state voltage analysis is not required per PJM's Manual 14H, Section 4.5.2.

The New Service Requests below are listed in one or more dispatch for the overloads identified in this report. These projects contribute to the loading of the overloaded facilities identified in this report. The percent overload of a facility and cost allocation you may have towards a particular reinforcement could vary depending on the action of other projects. The status of each project at the time of the analysis is presented in the table. This list may change as other projects withdraw or modify their requests. This table is valid for load flow analyses only.

As part of PJM's analysis, per Tariff Part VII.G.336 & Manual 14H, Section 13, PJM evaluated the potential impacts on tie line facilities between PJM and an affected system entity, which were identified per PJM planning analysis criteria. This upgrade may be required on the affected system portion of the tie line along with cost allocation of such upgrade if applicable, in coordination with the affected system. Depending on the affected system, this project may not be contingent on upgrade based on PJM planning analysis criteria, but may be contingent on this upgrade based on the Affected System Operator's planning criteria, provided in the Affected Systems Study Section, herein.

In accordance with PJM Tariff Part VII, Subpart D, section 310.A and as outlined in PJM Manual 14H, Sections 4.5 and 13, in Phase II of the Cycle, PJM provides the Affected System Operator any updates on the PJM projects that require an Affected Systems Study based on their response at DP1. New Service Requests that require an Affected Systems Study are required to enter into an Affected Systems Study Agreement with the Affected System Operator, as applicable, prior to the close of DP2 or they will be withdrawn from the Cycle.

If the Project Developer already entered into the necessary agreement and the results are available, PJM will supply them in the Phase II SIS report. See below for the status of any required Affected Systems Study. A status of “Pending” means that the study is not yet completed by the Affected System Operator. If your project requires an Affected Systems Study and your results are not provided for Phase II SIS, PJM anticipates providing them in the Phase III SIS per Tariff Part VII.D.312.

No cost allocated system reinforcements were identified for this project in the Phase II System Impact Study load flow analysis.

AH1-706 One Line Diagram