AF2-150 System Impact Study Report

This System Impact Study Report (SIS) has been prepared in accordance with the PJM Open Access Transmission Tariff, 205, as well as the System Impact Study Agreement between Blossom Solar, LLC, the Interconnection Customer (IC), and PJM Interconnection, LLC (PJM), Transmission Provider (TP). The Interconnected Transmission Owner (ITO) is American Transmission Systems, Incorporated.

Revision 1: January 2023 - The AF2-150 System Impact Study Report has been revised to reflect the results of the PJM's re-tool analysis and to included finalized stability analysis. Final scope, cost and schedule for the physical interconnection will be provided in the Facilities Study Report.

• AF2-150 does not meet the reactive power requirement at the high side of main transformer. Reactive power compensation is required for this project. This project needs to have additional reactive power capabilities to fulfill the power factor requirement. The estimated required additional capacitive reactive power is 15.426 MVar.

The intent of the System Impact is to determine a plan, with approximate cost and construction time estimates, to connect the subject generation interconnection project to the PJM network at a location specified by the Interconnection Customer. As a requirement for interconnection, the Interconnection Customer may be responsible for the cost of constructing: Network Upgrades, which are facility additions, or upgrades to existing facilities, that are needed to maintain the reliability of the PJM system. All facilities required for interconnection of a generation interconnection project must be designed to meet the technical specifications (on PJM web site) for the appropriate transmission owner.

In some instances an Interconnection Customer may not be responsible for 100% of the identified network upgrade cost because other transmission network uses, e.g. another generation interconnection or merchant transmission upgrade, may also contribute to the need for the same network reinforcement. The possibility of sharing the reinforcement costs with other projects may be identified in the Feasibility Study, but the actual allocation will be deferred until the System Impact Study is performed.

The System Impact study estimates do not include the feasibility, cost, or time required to obtain property rights and permits for construction of the required facilities. The project developer is responsible for the right of way, real estate, and construction permit issues. For properties currently owned by Transmission Owners, the costs may be included in the study.

The Interconnection Customer (IC), has proposed a generating facility located in Morrow County, Ohio. The installed facilities will have a total capability of 88.0 MW with 36.96 MW of this output being recognized by PJM as Capacity. The proposed in-service date for this project is Sunday, December 31, 2023. This study does not imply a TO commitment to this in-service date.

AF2-150 will interconnect with on the ATSI transmission system at the Galion 138 kV substation.

The project may be responsible for a contribution to the following costs:

Note 1: PJM Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT) section 217.3A outline cost allocation rules. The rules are further clarified in PJM Manual 14A Attachment B. The allocation of costs for a network upgrade will start with the first Queue project to cause the need for the upgrade. Later queue projects will receive cost allocation contingent on their contribution to the violation and are allocated to the queues that have not closed less than 5 years following the execution of the first Interconnection Service Agreement which identifies the need for this upgrade.

Note 2: For customers with System Reinforcements listed: If your present cost allocation to a System Reinforcement indicates $0, then please be aware that as changes to the interconnection process occur, such as prior queued projects withdrawing from the queue, reducing in size, etc, the cost responsibilities can change and a cost allocation may be assigned to your project. In addition, although your present cost allocation to a System Reinforcement is presently $0, your project may need this system reinforcement completed to be deliverable to the PJM system. If your project comes into service prior to completion of the system reinforcement, an interim deliverability study for your project will be required.

AF2-150 will interconnect with the ATSI transmission system at the Galion 138 kV Substation.

The total preliminary cost estimate is given in the table below. These costs do not include CIAC Tax Gross-up.

Based on the scope of work for the interconnection facilities, it is expected to take a range of 18 to 18 month(s) after the signing of an Interconnection Construction Service Agreement (as this is a FERC connection) and construction kickoff call to complete the installation of the physical connection work. This assumes that there will be no environmental issues with any of the new properties associated with this project, that there will be no delays in acquiring the necessary permits for implementing the defined interconnection work, and that all system outages will be allowed when requested.

The schedule for any required Network Impact Reinforcements will be more clearly identified in future study phases. The estimated time to complete each of the required reinforcements is identified in the "System Reinforcements" section of the report.

FE performed an analysis of its underlying transmission <100 kV system. The AF2-150 project did not contribute to any overloads on the FE Transmission <100 kV System.

System Protection

The IC must design its Customer Facilities in accordance with all applicable standards, including the standards in FE’s “Requirements for Transmission Connected Facilities” document located at: http://www.pjm.com/planning/design-engineering/to-tech-standards/private-firstenergy.aspx. Preliminary Protection requirements will be provided as part of the Facilities Study. Detailed Protection Requirements will be provided once the project enters the construction phase.

The IC has requested a non-standard GSU transformer winding configuration. This transformer is in violation of section 14.2.6 of FE’s “Requirements for Transmission Connected Facilities” document and will not be accepted. The GSU transformer must have a grounded wye connection on the high (utility) side and a delta connection on the low (generator) side.

Compliance Issues and Interconnection Customer Requirements

The proposed Customer Facilities must be designed in accordance with FE’s “Requirements for Transmission Connected Facilities” document located at: http://www.pjm.com/planning/design-engineering/to-tech-standards/private-firstenergy.aspx. In particular, the IC is responsible for the following:

1. The purchase and installation of a fully rated 138 kV circuit breaker to protect the AF2-150 generator lead line. A single circuit breaker must be used to protect this line; if the project has several GSU transformers, the individual GSU transformer breakers cannot be used to protect this line.
2. The purchase and installation of the minimum required FE generation interconnection relaying and control facilities. This includes over/under voltage protection, over/under frequency protection, and zero sequence voltage protection relays.
3. The purchase and installation of supervisory control and data acquisition (“SCADA”) equipment to provide information in a compatible format to the FE Transmission System Control Center.
4. Compliance with the FE and PJM generator power factor and voltage control requirements.
5. The execution of a back-up service agreement to serve the customer load supplied from the AF2-150 generation project metering point when the units are out-of-service. This assumes the intent of the IC is to net the generation with the load.

The IC will also be required to meet all PJM, ReliabilityFirst, and NERC reliability criteria and operating procedures for standards compliance. For example, the IC will need to properly locate and report the over and under voltage and over and under frequency system protection elements for its units as well as the submission of the generator model and protection data required to satisfy the PJM and ReliabilityFirst audits.  Failure to comply with these requirements may result in a disconnection of service if the violation is found to compromise the reliability of the FE Transmission System.

Power Factor Requirements

The IC shall design its non-synchronous Customer Facility with the ability to maintain a power factor of at least 0.95 leading (absorbing VARs) to 0.95 lagging (supplying VARs) measured at the high-side of the facility substation transformer(s) connected to the FE Transmission System.

The Interconnection Customer will be required to install equipment necessary to provide Revenue Metering (KWH, KVARH) and real time data (KW, KVAR) for IC's generating Resource. See PJM Manuals M-01 and M14D, and PJM Tariff Section 8 of Attachment O.

The solar generation facility shall provide the Transmission Provider with site-specific meteorological data including:

• Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit)
• Atmospheric Pressure (hectopascals)
• Irradiance
• Forced outage data

The IC will be required to comply with all Interconnected Transmission Owner's revenue metering requirements for generation interconnection customers located at the following link: PJM - Transmission Owner Engineering & Construction Standards.

The Queue Project was evaluated as a 88.0 MW (Capacity 36.96 MW) injection in the area. Project was evaluated for compliance with applicable reliability planning criteria (PJM, NERC, NERC Regional Reliability Councils, and Transmission Owners). Potential Summer peak period network impacts were as follows:

(No impacts were found for this analysis)

PJM also studied the delivery of the energy portion of this interconnection request. Any problems identified below are likely to result in operational restrictions to the project under study. The developer can proceed with network upgrades to eliminate the operational restriction at their discretion by submitting a Merchant Transmission Interconnection request.

Note: Only the most severely overloaded conditions are listed below. There is no guarantee of full delivery of energy for this project by fixing only the conditions listed in this section. With a Transmission Interconnection Request, a subsequent analysis will be performed which shall study all overload conditions associated with the overloaded element(s) identified.

(No impacts were found for this analysis)

At this time winter peak analysis not required for this project.

At this time winter peak analysis not required for this project.

At this time light load analysis not required for this project.

At this time light load analysis not required for this project.

PJM Short Circuit Analysis did not identify any new overduty breakers or >3% contribution to previously identified overduty breakers.

 No stability issues found. Please refer to the full stability report in the Attachments section.

AF2-150 was assessed for compliance with reactive power capability requirements using the supplied capability curves. Please note this is a new facility.

• Generation shall have the ability to maintain a power factor of at least 0.95 leading to 0.95 lagging at the high side of facility transformer or the result of the System Impact Study indicated that, for the safety and reliably of the Transmission System, no power factor requirement is required.  

AF2-150 does not meet the reactive power requirement at the high side of main transformer. Reactive power compensation is required for this project. This project needs to have additional reactive power capabilities to fulfill the power factor requirement. The estimated required additional capacitive reactive power is 15.426 MVar.

Please refer to the stability report in the Attachments section.

Steady State Voltage analysis is not required for this queue project at this time.

The Queue Projects below are listed in one or more dispatch for the overloads identified in your report. These projects contribute to the loading of the overloaded facilities identified in your report. The percent overload of a facility and cost allocation you may have towards a particular reinforcement could vary depending on the action of these earlier projects. The status of each project at the time of the analysis is presented in the table. This list may change as earlier projects withdraw or modify their requests. This table is valid for load flow analyses only.

Files

• AF2-150-3-0 Dynamic Analysis Report.doc -- AF2-150 Dynamic Analysis Report